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Mianwali Formation
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Mianwali Fm base reconstruction

Mianwali Fm


Period: 
Triassic

Age Interval: 
Early Triassic


Province: 
Pakistan Indus Basin

Type Locality and Naming

Musakhel Gr – lowest formation: Holotype section: Not designated. Hypo: Zaluch Nallah (Western Salt Range) and Tappan Wahan in Khisor Range. Author: M. D.Williams, 1959.


Lithology and Thickness

Shallow-marine marl. The formation consists mainly of marl, limestone, sandstone, siltstone and dolomite. It has been divided into three members:

i. Kathwai Member - dominantly dolomite (oldest). 3.7 m and 2.4 m thick in Zaluch Nallah and Tappan Wahan, respectively. Its base marks the Permo-Triassic boundary.

ii. Mittiwali Member - dominantly greyish shale, silty shale with sandstone and limestone interbeds with a 2-8 m thick limestone bed at the base. 98 m in Zaluch Nallah.

iii. Narmia Member - carbonaceous shale and limestone. 23 m in Zaluch Nallah

Reference section: Lithology same as above.

Thickness: 121-187 m. The formation represents a great wedge of varied facies, which is thickest in the west and wedges out towards the east. Its thickness in Zaluch Nallah is 121 m while in Tappan Wahan section it ranges from 135 to 187 m.


Lithology Pattern: 
Shallow-marine marl


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Underlain by Chhidru Fm across a paraconformity.

Upper contact

Conformably overlain by Tredian Fm in Salt Range and by Chak Jabbi Limestone Fm in Kalachitta Range (Kohat-Margala Province , Ko-MP).

Regional extent

It is exposed in Khisor Range, SuR and the western part of Salt Range; farther eastward, it wedges out as a result of erosion that preceded Tertiary deposition.


GeoJSON

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Fossils

Ammonoid fossils are abundant as reported by Fatmi (1977), like Owenites , Anakashmirites, Meekoceras, Ophiceras, Glyptophiceras, Proptychites, Gyronites, Kymatites, Kingites and Ambites. Permian brachiopods are found in the basal part (Kathwai Member) but are assumed to have been re-worked.


Age 

Early Triassic (Scythian).

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Induan

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.0

    Beginning date (Ma): 
251.90

    Ending stage: 
Olenekian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
1.0

    Ending date (Ma):  
246.70

Depositional setting

Prodelta to shallow marine.


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Nusrat K. Siddiqui